Monday, December 30, 2019

Analysis Of The Poem The First Cities - 1694 Words

Running Head: PAPER 3 Paper 3 Name Institute Paper 3 [A] Audre Lorde: Andre Lorde (February 18, 1934 – November 17, 1992) was a Caribbean American civil rights activist, writer, women and lesbian rights activist, radical feminist and womanist. She was well known for her work with Afro-German women. She was emphasized and criticized for the contents of liberalism and sexuality in her works. Her poetry was first published in ‘The first Cities† in 1968 by the poet’s press. Her work in various fields and her social activities and the movements for women rights and many others were the main reason for her popularity. She spent a lot of time in berlin from 1984 to 1992. There she worked for Afro-German movement, for the Afro-German rights, especially for women. Her second work of poetry that was published with the name â€Å"Cables to Rage† in 1970, which was written during her time at Tougaloo College in Mississippi. Lorde criticized the feminist movements of the 1960 for focusing on the issues of white women only. Her theory writings were based on â€Å"Theory of Difference†. She died of cancer in 1992. Her work was both, appreciated and criticized by different people during different times. Her work had major elements of social liberalism and sexuality. She was a revolutionary lady who worked for a large scale change in the society and she was successful at many levels through her struggle. Miss Representation (2011): MissShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis : The Love Song Of J. Alfred Prufrock895 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Analysis Writing a critical analysis is diving into the text. Readers must break down all parts of the text and pin pointing the author s purpose for the writing. A very challenging poem to analysis is T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†. It has been declared that â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† started that Anglo-American modernist movement with poetry. The poem was the first poem with American poetry to flow free verse. At the time, it was deemed an urban poem. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Dante Alighieri s Inferno 1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe title of the reading that I chose to do a literary analysis on is Inferno by Dante Alighieri. What was this book about and what message does this particular ancient poem aim to explain? This epic poem was written in the fourteenth century and there were a lot of commentary involved in the story itself. Dante’s Inferno is widely seen as one of the greatest epics to ever grace textbooks. The t ext itself throughout this story speaks much to the concept of life and death and what the afterlife isRead MoreThe Planners by Boey Kim Cheng836 Words   |  4 Pagesteaches creative writing at the University of Newcastle. Literary History †¢ In 1987, Boey won first prize at the National University of Singapore Poetry Competition while studying as an undergraduate. †¢ Aged 24, he published his first collection of poetry(Somewherebound). it went on to win the National Book Development Councils (NBDCS) Book Award for Poetry in 1992. †¢ his second volume of poems Another Place received the commendation award at the NBDCS Book Awards. †¢ In 1995, Days Of NoRead MoreAnalysis of Acquainted with the Night and Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening1471 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Paper first draft 16th Nov 2011 In a Dark Night, I Find My Answers. The two poems â€Å"Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening† and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† written by Robert Frost are very similar to each other because of the simplistic form of language used and the uses of metaphors. When we first read the poem, it looks like an ordinary poem but once we go in depth and understand the meaning, it becomes so much more. 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There is such sorrow and even anticipation that the poem invokes in the reader. The poem can be quite dreary and full of gloom, but the author also makes it sound eerie but somehow beautiful and lyrical especially when reciting it orally. Poe was a remarkable writer and known as being a bit peculiar in person and in his writings. PoeRead MoreThe Poetry Of Harlem And Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now925 Words   |  4 Pagesgrabs the attention of everyone who is reading this phenomenal poem. Of the two poems listed in this essay, this opening statement is more attention-grabbing and is a fantastic hook to being with. Harlem and Women Have Loved Before As I Love Now, are ideally comparable and contrastable. The meanings of the poems and the authors of the poems are some topics that are different in these poems. The st yle of the poems and length of the poems are the other topics that are the same and are comparable to thisRead MoreT.S. Eliot Preludes Structure832 Words   |  4 PagesPrelude IV is the last installment of a four part series of poems from legendary poet T.S Eliot. Like most of Eliot’s writing, including the three other installments of the preludes, Prelude IV criticizes the modern world and the state of humanity living in it. The goal of this essay is to interpret the specific criticisms within the poem as well as analyse its structure as well as its semantics. Structural Analysis Interpretation As previously stated, the core message of the entire PreludesRead MoreAnalysis Of Poem Sanctuary 809 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Poem ‘Sanctuary’ This very well-known poem ‘Sanctuary’ was written in the early ‘50s by Judith Wright. Judith was a prolific Australian poet, critic, and short-story writer. She was also an uncompromising environmentalist and social activist campaigning for Aboriginal land rights. She believed that the poet should be concerned with national and social problems. The poem ‘Sanctuary’ was written as a great expression of environmental concern from her. The poem begins with a shocker. SanctuaryRead More Analysis of Archibald Lampmans The City of the End of Things1531 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of Archibald Lampmans The City of the End of Things       Iron Towers. Terrible flames.   Inhuman music, rising and falling.   Grim depths and abysses, where only night holds sway and gruesome creatures crawl before their awesome Master.   Through these disturbing images, and a masterful adaptation of the sonnet structure, Archibald Lampman summons forth The City of the End of Things.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The nameless City he creates is a place of mechanical slavery and despair, where Nature

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Religious Authority And The Protestant Reformation

During the sixteenth century, numerous conditions and beliefs existed that cause the Protestant Reformation. It was a religious, political, cultural and logical disturbance that had made some Europeans split from the Catholic Church. â€Å"In northern and central Europe, reformers [such as John Calvin, Henry VIII and most importantly Martin Luther] challenged papal authority and questioned the Catholic Church’s ability to define Christian practice.† The tension between the reformers and the church triggered wars, persecutions and the Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation. Augustine had emphasized that the bible is more a fundamental source for religious authority than the Bible is. He also believed that humans could not reach salvation by their own act, but only God could give salvation by his divine grace. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church taught that salvation was achievable through works of righteousness that made God pleased. Mart in Luther, born in the year 1483 in Thuringia (Saxony), which is what is now the country of Germany, began to have doubts about the theological basis for much of the daily practices of the Catholic Church. In other words, he questioned and wondered if the Catholic leaders’ teachings were acceptable to the Catholic religion. He shared his two central beliefs with Augustine, which would later form the basis of Protestantism. Meanwhile, the Catholic Church’s practice of allowing indulgences to offer absolution toShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of the811 Words   |  4 PagesPeople not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seen in the varying art themes of the Reformation. The Re formation rejected the secular spirit that had developed during the Italian Renaissance and replaced it with a more religiously obedient, strictRead MoreChanges Brought on By the Renaissance Period Essay534 Words   |  3 Pageswas a time of religious and social change. It was a time of new art, architecture, and literature through the Renaissance and new discoveries through the scientific revolution. The 16th century also brought about great change in religion through the Protestant and Catholic Reformations. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Reformation of the 16th century greatly changed individual freedoms, individual liberties, and the influence of religion. The start of the Protestant Reformation came when MartinRead MoreThe Reformation And Its Impact On The Early Modern Period1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe reformation was a drastic event in the early modern period that launched Europe into a massive conflict of widespread violence, through both political and religious factors. The political scene had remained very much the same before the beginning of the reformation in 1517, with many philosophers sharing similar ideas on how to handle the issues of sovereignty and private property. Religion was a long debated factor before the reformation however was brought inadvertently to the forefront ofRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And The Reformation916 Words   |  4 PagesThe Protestant Reformation took place in the 16th century and was a major European movement whose goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. This movement led to people worshipping God as they wanted and no longer relying on the Catholi c Church for guidance with religious matters. Even though people were doing what they believed, the Protestant Reformation brought many conflicts. Religious disagreements caused bloody conflicts all over Europe. The principal figureRead MoreWhat Were The Social Cause Of The Protestant Reformation?1289 Words   |  6 PagesWhat were the social causes of the Protestant Reformation? The bible was being made more accessible than ever. One of the things that led to more people interpreting the bible is that it was translated into everyday language. Another was the fact that the printing press was enabled that allowed multiple copies of the bible to be made. Previous to this, scribes would have to write every bible by hand and this could take years, just for one of them. 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It typically holds that Scripture (rather than tradition or ecclesiastic interpretation of Scripture)[1] is the source of revealed truth. Meaning and origin of the term The word Protestant is derived from the Latin protestari [2][3] meaning publicly declare which refers to the letter of protestationRead MoreThe Legacy of Edward VI as Explained in Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation923 Words   |  4 Pagesand the Protestant Reformation. London, Penguin Books, 2001. The foundation of this book comes from a series of Birkbeck lectures which the author, Diarmaid MacCulloch, delivered at the University of Cambridge in the Lent term of 1998. MacCulloch’s purpose in writing Tudor Church Militant: Edward VI and the Protestant Reformation were to voice his argument that the Edwardian reformation was a critical moment in the progress of the Anglican Church and the establishing of England’s Protestant identityRead MoreThe Tudors Effect On History Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pageswives, specifically six, and also his radical reformation of the English Church. King Henry VIII was very concerned with having a male heir to continue the dynasty. For that reason, he annulled his first marriage to Queen Catherine of Aragon. This annulment of his first marriage fuelled the creation of the English Church. Although Henry VIII may have acted in pure self-interest, this creation of the English Church would later lead to the Protestant Reformation. Stude nts studying the Tudor Dynasty shouldRead MoreProtestant Reformation And The Reformation1727 Words   |  7 PagesHI 101 Essay 3 Zhenli Xu Protestant Reformation Protestant Reformation is admittedly one of the most important schisms in the history of Christianity. It started with Martin Luther nailing the Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Catholic Church in Germany in 1517, and ended with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Reformation was a religious movement triggered by the rise of humanism during the Renaissance and the general corruption of the Roman Catholic Church that eventually led to the

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Drexel University Dining Free Essays

James Kirwan and Joey Mannarino John Borczon English 102 2/28/13 Drexel Dining Not Meeting Basic Needs As any college student knows, the quality of a school’s dining hall is extremely important. To be successful as students, it is an absolute must that a student is strong and healthy. One of the keys to being strong and healthy is a healthy and balanced diet, filled with a variety of foods. We will write a custom essay sample on Drexel University Dining or any similar topic only for you Order Now At Drexel, we are being deprived of this necessity. While we do have a dining hall that is open for most of our day, actually eating there is an issue. For all freshmen at Drexel, a dining plan is required. There are three different traditional meal plans, ranging from a hefty $1,830 to $1,915. All three traditional plans revolve around the Handshumacher Dining Center. The custom meal plans also provide various options, but in the end, focus around the Handshumacher Dining Center as well. The meal plans are outrageously expensive; however, considering the tuition most students are paying, this is not the issue. The issue is the quality of food in the dining hall. It is one matter for students not to enjoy the food that they eat, but even more of a concern when the food they are eating is unsafe to be eaten. Just in the last few weeks, at least 10 people have been bed ridden for days due to, what they believe, to be food poisoning from the Handshumacher Dining Center. This is a major problem. Once a person has contracted a food-borne illness, participating in academics and/or extracurricular activities becomes nearly impossible, affecting students’ lives and grades severely. With students potentially in danger of becoming sick and being affected in their academics, this is more than just disliking the dining hall. The Handschumacher Dining Center is not clean by any means at all. After eating there a few times, occurrences such as finding a single black hair in our mashed potatoes and flakes of crude in our drinks became a regular ordeal. When trying to get soda from the soda machine there would be various particles coming from the machine itself. Once it comes out of the dirty machine, it will then go into one of the glass cups provided by the dining center. These are rarely cleaned properly and there always spots and other residue on them (see below). [pic] This is also a major problem with the utensils and even the plates. There is simply no excuse for this, as we are paying a good amount of money for the dining hall. The entire dining hall environment is a disgrace. Upon entering the dining hall, you are lead down a flight of stairs into a dull gray basement with next to no natural lighting. The area where the food is prepared for the student’s is not visible, and based on the food that is served, probably for good reason. Once our tray is filled with whatever sub-par food they have prepared for us, we are to go into a very poorly designed seating area. The eating environment is far from pleasant. Half the challenge is finding a table that is clean enough to eat at, as the tables are not regularly cleaned off when students leave them. One could argue that it is the students’ responsibility to keep the tables clean, but this is simply illogical. If there are people being paid to clean the tables, a student is not going to go out of their way in making sure their area is cleaned. The lack of cleanliness of the dining center extends beyond the seating area. If what we see out in the seating area is bad, what goes on behind the scenes is even worse. In a December 2010 Pennsylvania Food Code inspection, there were â€Å"mouse feces found in the kitchens and storage areas, fruit flies observed underneath a self-serve beverage station and lack of a dedicated sink for mop-water disposal, among other violations† (Strauss). The Triangle, Drexel’s newspaper, has various accounts recorded about the Handschumacher Dining Center, one of which includes a student seeing a live mouse running around. In these conditions, it is just about impossible for any food prepared to possibly be sanitary. This January, The Triangle published another article that discusses students receiving food poisoning and even the norovirus from the Handschumacher Dining Terrace. Norovirus is a highly contagious virus usually transmitted through undercooked food and occasionally direct contact with an infected person. The student who contracted the norovirus ended up being sent to the ER. In the Drexel Facebook group there are posts weekly that complain about food poisoning or stomach aches caused from this dining hall. One of those students is Maggie Heath-Bourne. She â€Å"personally know[s] a good deal of people who have gotten sick† from this dining center. She was unable to attend her Wednesday classes. Maggie also positive that the dining center caused her illness â€Å"because [she] had been really rushed at the beginning of the week and only had time to go [to the Hans] on Monday and Tuesday, [and she] got sick on Wednesday. † Since the university basically requires its freshman to eat at this dining hall, something needs to be done. There is no reason students should be scared for their health by eating at their own dining hall. The issues above are absolutely unacceptable for our dining hall, but in actuality, these are issues faced by quite a few dining halls around the country. In examining the various dining halls that have had problems there seems to be one common thread- the food production company Sodexo. We asked friends of ours how satisfied they were with their dining halls. Those who were happy with their dining halls went to schools that did not have Sodexo. Most of these students’ dining halls were controlled by Aramark. In further research, it became apparent that Sodexo is the root of our problems at Drexel. The same types of problems that we had at Drexel were faced by students at Fordham University, who also contracts Sodexo. An excerpt of the inspection read: â€Å"The inspections unearthed evidence of mice, roaches and improper storage of food, shortcomings that placed Fordham eateries in the lowest grade bracket† (Ram Online). This is concerning not only for Fordham students but for any school that allows Sodexo to control its dining environment. The case at Fordham got so out of hand that the dining hall was required to be shut down for a little while. Once it was finally opened back up, the tudents decided to hold a protest. However, this protest got them absolutely nowhere. At Drexel, there has to be a solution that we can execute to get a decent selection of food in our dining hall. At Fordham University, the method of a protest failed, as Sodexo still stayed as the school’s main food supplier. Sodexo claims on its website that it has a board of students that overv iew it’s dining services. This board of students does not have a representative from Drexel University on it. If we had some input about our dining hall through this board, maybe there would be some action taken. Another solution we could execute is introducing a board of various students that oversees and works with the kitchen staff to make sure the meals are both well prepared and well varied. These students would need to be Drexel students who frequent the dining hall. By being on this board, they will receive no benefits towards their dining hall plans or anything of the sorts. It would be a totally transparent board also. This way, students would have an outlet to go to to complain about the problems in this dining hall. The way it is set up now, it is extremely hard to get a meeting with anyone in the dining hall. For the purpose of this paper we attempted to set up a meeting with the director of residential living on campus. It took us about an entire month to schedule a meeting with this man. For a campus environment that can be fair to all, the food staff needs to be much more accessible. It is ridiculous that we have to wait so long for a meeting with someone who can make a change for us. This student board could supervise Sodexo until its contract with Drexel University is over. However, as soon as possible getting Sodexo out of Drexel’s dining hall would be ideal. This company has proven time and time again throughout the country that it cannot maintain a dining environment. Sure, it can provide food, but not good or safe food. This student leadership board could take a look at other food companies that are doing a better job satisfying both students’ needs and also pass health inspections. Drexel has decent dining options outside of the dining hall. There is a second dining option, accessible only through our dining dollars which is kept fairly clean. The food choices are from chains across the country. The election of food is not the best, but at least it is kept clean. This would probably not be the direction for our dining hall to go in. Drexel has a faculty dining hall, run by Sodexo, which is treated in a different manner entirely then the Handschumacher Dining Center. Why should the students be getting second rate food when they are paying for a meal plan? Also, Drexel just received a large scale grant that is going to a renovati on project for the area outside of the main building. With this money, Drexel could have begun production on a dining hall run by the 12th Street Caterers, also a Drexel company. With so many possible solutions why do we allow Drexel to continue to feed us the same dirty and poorly made food? We have to find some sort of way to make sure that Drexel implements the student’s opinions into choosing a new plan and direction for its dining hall. To start, we must set up some sort of board for students to voice their opinions directly to Sodexo. From there, we must see what we can do to get Sodexo out, and using this same board of students, create a new solution that pleases all students and also follows health standards. No matter what we do, we cannot keep going in the manner that we are going. How to cite Drexel University Dining, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

The Learning Organization Organizational Innovation

Question: Discuss about theLearning Organizationfor Organizational Innovation. Answer: Introduction There are two types of organizations found in the present business who are defined as learning organization and traditional organization. Out of these two types of organizations, learning organization is the latest trend of business while traditional organization is old fashioned business module. Both the organizations have their own features and characteristics which can distinguish them with their specialty. In this article, the discussion will be made for these two types of organization highlighting their characteristics, with the type of leaderships evolved from them and the discussion will feature the distinctive comparison between them to find the most suitable business organization out of these two(Johnson, 2009). Characteristics Traditional Organization Traditional organization is that type of organization which is depending upon the traditional mode of hierarchical structure. This system endorses the flow of power with upward and vertical direction which makes the employees confined to the departments. This system is depending upon the concept of following command in the cycle. This system empowers the CEO for any decision making related to fixation of objectives and finalize strategies to accomplish objectives, where as departmental managers have to obey the guideline to perform for routine work as per fixed system of operation. The best example of this organization is army of any country where every soldier is answerable to the commanding officer while the Head of the State is on the top of the pyramid as commander-in-chief(Singh, 2012). Learning Organization Learning Organization is the most modern concept of organization powered by latest management trend. This type of organization provides the environment which makes the stakeholders feel free and independent so far creativity is concerned. There is inherent tendency of human being to think critically about any issue and through the knowledge base the effort of solving problem is treated as natural instinct. This concept endorses this model which empowers individual to think independently, with critical mindset to communicate ideas and concepts with creative attitude, and co-operate the team though the process of inquiry and action. This concept is running with belief that learning is a continuous process through which one can develop adapt and transform their though as per the needs of the situation(Spatguru, 2014). Comparison of Traditional and Learning Organization Traditional Organization Learning Organization Run by the decision of Single Entity Independent decision makers with enriched knowledge base Power flows vertically and upward Power flows horizontally and downward No scope of implementation of thinking(Studymode, 2016). Vast scope of implementation of thoughts with anticipated value addition to the organization This type of organization endorses on routine work with no scope of creativity left for delivering This type of organization encourages decentralized way of delivering through endorsing of creativity and thoughtfulness No encouragement of utilization of knowledge base of employees Gives scope to the employees to use their knowledgebase by providing the scope of creativity Creation of closed door environment Creation of open environment Responsibility confined to own job only Cooperative attitude is encouraged for solving the problem(Senge, 2008). Applicability of Learning Organization Learning organization concept is neo-management concept. It gives freedom to the employees in their domain of work with development of own creativity through the knowledgebase he has. It is also providing open environment to the employees. With the knowledgebase gathered through study or through training, the employees can deploy their own knowledgebase for betterment of the organization in the area of deliverance. There is conflict between the two thoughts- traditional and learning organization. Although traditional organization sponsors the through of conservative attitude, it is required in different level of operations like manufacturing. Learning organization can develop the idea of independent through in the area of work, but while the job is demanding a certain line of action, this model is not worth. Learning organization develops the culture of independent thinking, but it depends upon the capacity of the participants how far they are equipped with this concept(Bryan, 2009). Types of Leadership Both the type of organizations needs leaders. For traditional organization the leadership style is different from that of learning organizations. Given below the leadership styles applicable for two types of organizations: Leadership Style-Traditional Organization Traditional organization normally features as hierarchical pyramid shape keeping the head of the organization placed on the top. Hence the style of leadership found in this type of organization is mainly authoritative in nature. This type of leadership always tries to keep the relationship between the boss and the subordinates as professional, keeping distinct distance. The leader of this type always believes that subordinates are there to ensure compliance the instructions flow from him. He never asks hi subordinates about their feeling about the decision taken by him. This leads to the environment which is not open and autocratic in nature(Wordpress, 2011). Leadership Style- Learning Organization The leadership style normally prevails in the learning organization is democratic leadership style. This type of leadership style always sponsors the concept of discuss and decide model. The leader always discusses about the strategies and the implementation process of the strategies to be fixed for common objective of the organization. This style of leadership gives scopes to the team members to think independently through their knowledge base and can give suggestions to the leader as per their own thought. The leader depends upon the majority thoughts and decides to implement the strategies(Rijal, 2010). Innovative Leadership Innovative Leadership in Traditional Organization The scope of innovative leadership is remote in traditional organization as the leader of the organization is placed on the top and has the liberty to decide on the issues of his won. If his knowledgebase can not support the need of the decision, he may ask subordinates about their views but that is not formal. Hence the scope of innovative leadership is not as prominent in traditional organization as this type of organization does not believe on the concept of co-operative exchange of ideas(Newdirectionsconsulting, 2011). Innovative Leadership in Learning Organization This type of organization always encourages the concept of innovative leadership. For this purpose this type of organization provides frequent training to upgrade the knowledgebase of the stakeholders it is often found that the team members actively participate in the meeting to fix strategies and contribute in positive manner to the decisions to be taken by adding value through their enriched knowledge base and experience. Learning organizations always promote decentralization of leadership and they always welcome innovative ideas for the betterment of the organization. Thus the concept of innovative leadership is encouraged through the organization and the organizations are getting enriched with the innovative leadership by value addition to the organization(Hsiao Chang, 2011). Conclusion: The basic difference of traditional and learning organizations are lying with its concept. While traditional concept is conservative in nature, learning concept promotes open air environment with independent thinking and scope of enhancement of knowledgebase of the stakeholders. It is often found that debate is raised which concept is more effective. It entirely depends upon the outlook of the management how they want to be benefited with the concept of organization. The ultimate aim is to prosper individually with the organization as a whole. So the tested option to be adopted to ensure the prosperity of the organization. The neo-concept of learning organization gives scope to the employees to excel in their own domain through enhanced knowledgebase gained by training and sharing with co employees in the vast areas of operation to be covered. Traditional organization is not leaving such scope as the employees are confined to the limitation of their own domain and not allowed to move to other areas which restrict their enhancement of knowledgebase. References: Bryan, C. S. (2009, January 01). The application of learning organization principles to church growth. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Waldenu: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1645context=dissertations Hsiao, H.-C., Chang, J.-C. (2011, December). The role of organizational learning in transformational leadership and organizational innovation. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12564-011-9165-x Johnson, R. (2009, March 03). Is your Company a Learning Organization or the Traditional Efficient Performance Organization? Retrieved November 17, 2016, from 4hoteliers: https://www.4hoteliers.com/features/article/3821 Newdirectionsconsulting. (2011, September 15). TEAMING: Traditional vs. Innovative Managers (Guestblogger: Robert Gilbert). Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Newdirectionsconsulting: https://www.newdirectionsconsulting.com/leadership-engagement/traditional-vs-innovative-managers-guestblogger-robert-gilbert-2/ Rijal, S. (2010). Leadership Style And Organizational Culture In Learning Organization: A Comparative Study ;https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/IJMIS/article/viewFile/19/17. International Journal of Management Information Systems , 14 (05), 119-127. Senge, P. M. (2008, December 15). The Learning Organization. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from nwlink: https://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/learnor2.html Singh, D. (2012, September 09). Traditional Organization Modern Organization. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Topbullets: https://topbullets.com/2012/09/09/difference-between-traditional-and-modern-organization/ Spatguru. (2014, September 18). A learning organization and its charactistics. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Spatguru: https://ispatguru.com/a-learning-organization-and-its-characteristics/ Studymode. (2016). Comparison of traditional and learning organization. Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Studymode: https://www.studymode.com/essays/Traditional-Learning-Organizations-461854.html Wordpress. (2011, August 26). What is the difference between traditional and contemporary leadership? Retrieved November 17, 2016, from Wordpress: https://stupidstuffsfordummies.wordpress.com/2011/08/26/what-is-the-difference-between-traditional-and-contemporary-leadership/